Treatment database
Treatment options at a glance.
From medications and device-assisted procedures to physical and occupational therapy — compared in a structured way: how it works, what it is suited for, and what to keep in mind.
7
Procedures
3
Categories
Device-assisted
Medication pumps
Continuous delivery of medication via a pump (subcutaneously or through a tube).
Strength: Steady drug level
To note: Demanding to handle
Used for: For severe off periods
Device-assisted
Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
Electrodes deliver targeted impulses to the brain’s movement centres.
Strength: Marked relief, reduced medication
To note: Surgical procedure, not suitable for everyone
Used for: Advanced disease, with motor fluctuations
Medication
COMT inhibitors
Slow the breakdown of dopamine and levodopa so both work longer and more steadily.
Strength: Smooth out fluctuations in effect and reduce off periods
To note: Only effective in combination with levodopa; monitor liver values under tolcapone
Used for: As an add-on to levodopa when effects fluctuate
Medication
Dopamine agonists
Mimic the action of dopamine directly at the receptors.
Strength: Smoother effect, well suited to younger patients
To note: Possible impulse-control disorders
Used for: Often as initial therapy
Medication
L-Dopa (levodopa)
Converted into dopamine in the brain, replacing the missing messenger.
Strength: Strongest effect on motor symptoms
To note: Long-term motor fluctuations possible
Used for: All stages, especially from the moderate stage onward
Medication
MAO-B inhibitors
Slow the breakdown of dopamine in the brain.
Strength: Well tolerated, easy to take
To note: Usually not sufficient on their own
Used for: Early stage or as an add-on
Non-drug
Physiotherapy, occupational & speech therapy
Targeted training of mobility, daily activities, voice and swallowing.
Strength: No side effects, highly effective
To note: Requires regular practice
Used for: Recommended at every stage